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Cherokee Towns and Calumet Ceremonialism in Eastern North America

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Christopher B. Rodning
Christopher B. Rodning*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, 101 Dinwiddie Hall, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118 (crodning@tulane.edu)
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Abstract

Calumet ceremonialism was widely practiced by Native American and European colonial groups in the Great Plains and Southeast during the late seventeenth century and the early eighteenth century. Cultural practices associated with smoking calumet pipes have roots in the prehistoric past, but the spread of calumet ceremonialism across the Southeast was associated with the spread of European colonists and colonialism. Calumet ceremonialism served the needs for groups to have a means of creating balance, and of setting the stage for peaceful interaction and exchange, during a period marked by considerable instability and dramatic cultural change. The presence of a redstone elbow pipe bowl fragment from the Coweeta Creek site in southwestern North Carolina demonstrates the participation of Cherokee towns in calumet ceremonialism, despite the remote location of this site in the southern Appalachians, far from major European colonial settlements, and far from areas such as the Mississippi River Valley and the upper Midwest where such pipes are much more common.

Los grupos de nativos americanos y los europeos de las colonias de las Grandes Llanuras y del Sureste practicaron la ceremonia de calumet extensamente a finales del siglo XVII y principios del XVIII. Las prácticas culturales asociadas al rito de fumar las pipas calumet tienen sus raíces en el pasado prehistórico pero la difusión de la ceremonia de calumet por el Sureste fueproducto de la expansión del colonialismo y colonos europeo. La ceremonia de calumet proporcionó un mecanismo para crear un equilibrio entre los grupos y un marco para la interacción e intercambio pacíficos durante un periodo marcado por considerable inestabilidad y un cambio cultural drástico. La presencia en el sitio de Coweta Creek, en el suroeste de Carolina del Norte, de unfragmento de la base de la cazoleta de una pipa en piedra roja muestra la participación de los asentamientos cheroquis en la ceremonia de calumet; a pesar de la ubicación remota de este sitio en el sur de los Apalaches, lejos de importantes asentamientos coloniales europeos y lejos de áreas como el valle del rio Misisipi y los estados del norte del Medio Oeste, donde estas pipas son mucho más comunes.

Type
Research Article
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 79 , Issue 3 , July 2014 , pp. 425 - 443
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 2014

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