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The Road Not Taken: How Early Landscape Learning and Adoption of a Risk-Averse Strategy Influenced Paleoindian Travel Route Decision Making in the Upper Ohio Valley

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 December 2020

Matthew P. Purtill Open the ORCID record for Matthew P. Purtill [Opens in a new window]
Matthew P. Purtill*
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Environmental Science, SUNY-Fredonia, 280 Central Avenue, Fredonia, NY 14063, USA
*
(matthew.purtill@fredonia.edu, corresponding author)
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Abstract

To evaluate a model of the travel-route selection process for upper Ohio Valley Paleoindian foragers (13,500–11,400 cal BP), this study investigates archaeological data through the theoretical framework of landscape learning and risk-sensitive analysis. Following initial trail placement adjacent to a highly visible escarpment landform, Paleoindians adopted a risk-averse strategy to minimize travel outcome variability when wayfaring between Sandy Springs, a significant Ohio River Paleoindian site, and Upper Mercer–Vanport chert quarries of east-central Ohio. Although a least-cost analysis indicates an optimal route through the lower Scioto Valley, archaeological evidence for this path is lacking. Geomorphic and archaeological data further suggest that site absence in the lower Scioto Valley is not entirely due to sampling bias. Instead, evidence indicates that Paleoindians preferred travel within the Ohio Brush Creek–Baker's Fork valley despite its longer path distance through more rugged, constricted terrain. Potential travel through the lower Scioto Valley hypothesizes high outcome variability due to the stochastic nature of the late Pleistocene hydroregime. In this case, perceived outcome variability appears more influential in determining travel-route decisions among Paleoindians than direct efforts to reduce energy and time allocation.

Para evaluar un modelo del proceso de selección de ruta de tránsito para los recolectores paleoindios del valle superior del Ohio (13.500-11.400 cal BP), este estudio investiga datos arqueológicos a través del marco teórico de aprendizaje del paisaje y análisis del riesgo posible. Siguiendo una ubicación inicial de la senda adyacente a una formación escarpada muy visible, los paleo-indios adoptaron una estrategia adversa al riesgo para minimizar la variabilidad del resultado de tránsito en sus expediciones entre Sandy Springs, un importante yacimiento paleoindio en el río Ohio, y las excavaciones de sílex de Mercer-Vanport superior en el centro-este de Ohio. Aunque un análisis del menor coste indica una ruta óptima a través del valle bajo del Scioto, falta evidencia arqueológica de ese recorrido. Los datos geomórficos y arqueológicos sugieren además que la ausencia de yacimientos en el valle bajo del Scioto no se debe completamente al sesgo del muestreo. En su lugar, la evidencia demuestra que los paleoindios preferían desplazarse por el interior del valle Ohio Brush Creek-Baker's Fork a pesar de ser una distancia mayor a través de terreno más escabroso y restringido. Un recorrido potencial a través del valle bajo del Scioto proponía una alta variabilidad de resultados debido a la naturaleza aleatoria del régimen hídrico en el bajo Pleistoceno. En este caso, la percepción de variabilidad de resultado era más influyente en la elección de la ruta de tránsito entre los paleoindios que los esfuerzos directos de reducir la asignación de energía y tiempo.

Keywords

Paleoindianeastern North Americaleast-cost analysisrisk-averse strategylandscape learning theoryupper Ohio ValleyPaleoindioeste de América del Norteanálisis del menor costeanálisis del riesgo posibleaprendizaje del paisajevalle superior del Ohio
Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 86 , Issue 1 , January 2021 , pp. 133 - 152
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Society for American Archaeology

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